Canadian Private and Recreational Pilot Groundschool Manual
Table of Contents
LICENSING REQUIREMENTS
Aviation Document Booklet
Aviation Language Proficiency
Categories and Classes
Student Pilot Permit
Recreational Pilot Permit
Private Pilot Licence (day VFR)
Completion Requirements
Examination Administration
Night Rating
VFR Over-the-Top Rating
Commercial Pilot Licence (day and night VFR and VFR OTT)
Instrument Rating
Multi-engine Class Rating
Seaplane Rating
Multi-crew Pilot Licence-Aeroplane
Airline Transport Pilot Licence
Pilot Personal Logs
Recency Requirements
Five-year Recency
Recurrent Training Program
Medical Certificate.
QUESTIONS
Answers
AIRFRAMES, ENGINES AND SYSTEMS—PART I
Definitions
Parts of an Aeroplane
Fuselage
Wing
Tail
Propulsion
Undercarriage
Load and Load Factors
Normal and Utility Categories
Manoeuvring Speed and Gust Loads
Logbooks and Inspections
Certificates of Airworthiness
Non-airworthiness
Airworthiness Directives
Service Bulletins
Pilot Operating Handbooks
Pilot Maintenance
QUESTIONS
Answers
AIRFRAMES, ENGINES AND SYSTEMS—PART II
Definitions
Engine Types and Characteristics
Radial Engines
In-Line Engines
Horizontally opposed
Parts of an Engine
Four Strokes of an Engine
Timing
Cooling
Oil
Fuel and Fuel Systems
Pilot Mixture Control
Fuel Systems
Special Considerations associated with Fuel
Carburettor Icing
Superchargers and Turbochargers
Ignition
Electrical Power
Propellers
QUESTIONS
Answers
AERODYNAMICS AND THEORY OF FLIGHT
Forces of Flight
Lift
Weight
Thrust
Drag
Generating Lift
Airfoils
Bernoulli’s Theorem
Ram Air
Angle of Attack
Drag
Parasitic Drag
Induced drag
Boundary Layer
Aileron Drag
Stalls
Factors that affect the Stal
Snow, frost, ice and dirt
Weight
Centre of Gravity
Turbulence
Turns
Flaps
Spins
Lift-drag ratio
Wing Design.
Laminar and conventional airfoils
Angle of incidence
Washout
Stall Strips
Airfoil Variation
Stability
Longitudinal
Lateral
Directional
Forces during Takeoff
Torque
Precession
Slipstream
Asymmetric thrust
Climbs
Best Angle Climb (Vx)
Best Rate Climb (Vy)
Normal or Cruise Climb
QUESTIONS
Answers
CANADIAN AVIATION REGULATIONS
Airports
Runways and Taxiways
The Circuit
Uncontrolled Airports
Mandatory Frequency Airports
Controlled Airports
Clearances and Instructions
Airspace Classification
Northern and Southern Domestic Airspace
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
Class F
Class G
VHF and LF Airways
Control Zones
VFR Weather Minimum
Special VFR
VFR Over-the Top
Cruising Altitudes
Altimeter Rules
VFR Flight Plans
NOTAMs
National Security
Emergency Location Transmitters (ELT)
Priority Radio Communications
Transponder Requirements
Fuel Requirements
Passenger Briefings
Pilot Privilege
Alcohol
Anaesthetics
Wake Turbulence
Wake Turbulence Regulations
Departures
Wake Turbulence Rules of Thumb
Jet Blast Hazard
Seat Requirements
Oxygen
Documents on Board Aircraft
Aircraft Equipment Requirements
Operational and Emergency Equipment Requirements
Additional Equipment Requirements
Aircraft Icing
Minimum Altitude
Rules of the Air
Student Pilot Permit Examination (PSTAR) Study Questions
QUESTIONS
Answers
FLIGHT OPERATIONS
Flight Information Services
En route Communication
Weight and Balance
Requirements
Procedure
Weight, Balance and Performance
Pressure and Density Altitude
Takeoff Performance
Airspeeds
Cruise Power Setting
Fuel Consumption
Fuel, Distance and Time to Climb
Landing Errors
Landing Illusions
Precision Approach Path Indicators (PAPI)
Landing Rules of Thumb
Crosswind Landing Limitations
Mid-air Collisions
Bird Strikes
Flight over Water
Whiteout
Mountain Flying
Be Prepared!
Mogas
Operational Considerations
Mogas Requirements
Emergency Locator Transmitter
Medical Factors
Insurance
Marshalling Signals
QUESTIONS
Answers
HUMAN FACTORS AND PILOT DECISION-MAKING
Background
What about you?
Human Factors and Pilot Error
Accident Rates
Exposure to Accident Risk
The Accident Pilot Profile
Experience and Greatest Accident Risk
Use of Checklists
Disorientation—178 Seconds
Hypoxia
Empty-Field Myopia
The Pilot Decision-making Process
Situation
Options
Choose
Act
Evaluate
Loss of Situational Awareness
Stress
Cockpit stress management Rules of Thumb
Risk Management and the Pilot’s Checklist
Hazardous Attitudes
Case Studies
PSA 182 (Pacific Southwest Airlines), Lindbergh Field, San Diego, September 25, 1978
Eastern Air Lines 401(Eastern Air Lines), Lockheed L-1011, Miami International Airport, December 29, 1972
QUESTIONS
Answers
METEOROLOGY—PART I (GENERAL)
The Atmosphere
Standard Atmosphere
Clouds
Cloud Classification
Sky Opacity
Pressure
Coriolis Force
Local Phenomenon Winds
Humidity
Heating
Cooling
Stability
QUESTIONS
Answers
METEOROLOGY—PART II (ACTIVE WEATHER)
Air Masses
Fronts
Frontal Depression
The Warm Front
The Cold Front
Other Fronts and Associated Weather
Clouds and Precipitation of Active Weather
Fog
Additional Weather Terms
Thunderstorms
Rules of thunderstorm Avoidance
Icing
Icing rules of thumb
Regional Weather of British Columbia
Victoria and Nanaimo
Lower-Mainland Airports
Fraser Valley
Route Descriptions
QUESTIONS
Answers
WEATHER INFORMATION
Aviation Weather Reports (METAR)
Type of Report
Station identification
Date and Time of Issue
Wind
Prevailing Visibility
Runway Visual Range
Present Weather
Sky Opacity
Temperature, Dew Point, Altimeter Setting Pressure
Wind Shear
Remarks
Special Weather Reports (SPECI)
AWOS
Graphic Area Forecasts (GFA)
General GFA Format
GFA Weather Information—CLDS & WX GFA
Clouds
Weather and Visibility
Winds and Pressure
Dynamic Systems
GFA Weather Information— ICG/TURBC/FRLVL
Icing
Turbulence
Freezing Level Isotherms
GFA Amendments and Corrections
Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)
Change Groups: From, Becoming, Temporary, and Probability
Upper Winds (FD)
Other Reports
Getting the Weather
QUESTIONS
Answers
NAVIGATION
Terms and Concepts
Magnetic Compass
Aviation Charts
Reading the VNC
Triangulation of Velocities
Navigation Preparation
Preparing the Chart
Navigation Planning—Pre-weather
Variation
Pre-flight (with weather information)
Why all the detail on the Worksheet?
The Fuel Log
Flight Plan
Items on an ATC Flight Plan Form
Methods of Course Correction
Double Track Method
Opening-Closing Angle Method
QUESTIONS
Answers
RADIO NAVIGATION
VOR
ADF
GPS
QUESTIONS
Answers
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
Pitot-static Instruments
Airspeed Indicator
Altimeter
Vertical Speed Indicator
Gyro Instruments
QUESTIONS
Answers
Index